A CO-OPETITION-BASED COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR ENHANCING THE REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES THROUGH HYBRID GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS

Aip Syarifudin; Muhammad Azka Maulana; Sirri Labibah

doi:10.32478/leadership.v7i2.4568

Authors

Aip Syarifudin
[email protected]
Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon - Indonesia
Muhammad Azka Maulana Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon - Indonesia
Sirri Labibah Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon - Indonesia

Abstract

The increasing competition among private higher education institutions (PHEIs) at the regional level often leads to managerial isolation, limiting collective capacity to improve quality and competitiveness. This study aims to develop a co-opetition-based collaborative governance model through hybrid governance mechanisms to enhance the regional competitiveness of private universities. Employing a qualitative multiple-case study design, data were collected from 28 institutional leaders in the Cirebon region through in-depth interviews, institutional document analysis, and reflective field observations. Data were analyzed using an interactive approach involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that private universities demonstrate strong readiness to transform competitive relations into a more collaborative and synergistic ecosystem. The study identifies a hybrid governance model integrating formal legal arrangements with informal trust-based relational mechanisms among institutional leaders. A distinctive feature of this model lies in the incorporation of local Islamic values as ethical capital for mitigating inter-institutional conflicts and strengthening collaborative commitment. The findings further indicate that co-opetition practices contribute to resource-sharing efficiency, support accreditation improvement, and strengthen collective bargaining capacity at the regional level. This study contributes to the development of a co-opetition-based governance framework by integrating strategic, relational, ethical, and cultural dimensions into higher education governance practices. Practically, the study highlights the importance of institutionalized inter-university collaboration forums to sustain competitive synergy within emerging regional higher education ecosystems.

Keywords: Co-opetition; Collaborative Governance; Hybrid Governance; Islamic Education Management; Regional Competitiveness.

Abstrak

Persaingan yang semakin intensif antar Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (PTS) di tingkat regional seringkali mendorong terjadinya isolasi manajerial yang membatasi kapasitas kolektif dalam meningkatkan mutu dan daya saing. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan model collaborative governance berbasis co-opetition melalui mekanisme hybrid governance untuk meningkatkan daya saing regional perguruan tinggi swasta. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus jamak. Data dikumpulkan dari 28 pimpinan perguruan tinggi di wilayah Cirebon melalui wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumen institusi, dan observasi lapangan reflektif. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif melalui proses kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perguruan tinggi swasta memiliki kesiapan yang kuat untuk mentransformasikan hubungan kompetitif menuju ekosistem yang lebih kolaboratif dan sinergis. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi model hybrid governance yang mengintegrasikan pengaturan legal-formal dengan mekanisme relasional berbasis kepercayaan antar pimpinan institusi. Keunikan model terletak pada integrasi nilai-nilai Islam lokal sebagai modal etis dalam memitigasi konflik antar institusi dan memperkuat komitmen kolaboratif. Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa praktik co-opetition berkontribusi terhadap efisiensi berbagi sumber daya, mendukung peningkatan akreditasi, serta memperkuat daya tawar kolektif di tingkat regional. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kerangka tata kelola berbasis co-opetition melalui integrasi dimensi strategis, relasional, etis, dan kultural dalam praktik tata kelola pendidikan tinggi. Secara praktis, penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya institusionalisasi forum kolaborasi antar perguruan tinggi untuk menjaga keberlanjutan sinergi kompetitif dalam ekosistem pendidikan tinggi regional yang berkembang.

Kata Kunci: Co-opetition; Collaborative Governance; Hybrid Governance; Manajemen Pendidikan Islam; Daya Saing Regional

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdillah, F. (2025). Studi Literatur: Dinamika Kesenjangan Implementasi Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (Mbkm) Dengan Kurikulum Digital. Edutech Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Berbantuan Teknologi. https://doi.org/10.51878/edutech.v5i4.7741 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51878/edutech.v5i4.7741

Ahmed, Z. Y., Yulianto, M. R., & Indayani, L. (2024). Pengaruh Akreditasi, Promosi, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Minat Kuliah Mahasiswa Di Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis). https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v8i1.1708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v8i1.1708

Al Hazmi, R. A. (2024). Kerjasama Pemerintah Dengan Badan Usaha: Harapan Baru Pembangunan Infrastruktur Di Indonesia. Journal of Law Administration and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.54957/jolas.v4i6.1010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54957/jolas.v4i6.1010

Alifah, A., Maarif, M. S., & Sumertajaya, I. M. (2022). Research in Pesantren-Based Higher Education: Exploring the Factors Improving Lecture’s Research Performace. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i2.1590 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i2.1590

Aripratiwi, R. A., Jannah, B. S., Suryani Lating, A. irma, & Hanun, N. R. (2023). Observing the Character of Public Accountant Through the Spirit of Fastabiqul Khairat. Journal of Accounting Science. https://doi.org/10.21070/jas.v7i1.1659 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/jas.v7i1.1659

Azizah, L., & Fuad Raya, M. K. (2021). Islamic Education Leadership in Conflict State: Case Study in Southern Thailand. Jurnal Tatsqif. https://doi.org/10.20414/jtq.v19i1.3540 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20414/jtq.v19i1.3540

Beisenbayev, B., & Almukhametov, A. (2024). The Current State and Ways of Improving Islamic Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Pharos Journal of Theology. https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.315

Bosra, M. (2022). The Contribution of Local Muslim Scholars to the Development of Indonesia’s Education. Society. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v10i2.481

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.

Dudija, N. (2018). Strategi Penanganan Konflik Pada Proses Penggabungan Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Psikohumaniora Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi. https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v3i1.970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v3i1.970

Dukalang, K. (2018). Managemen Pendidikan Tinggi Tantangan Dan Permasalahannya Pada Abad Ke 21. Potret Pemikiran. https://doi.org/10.30984/pp.v22i1.760 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30984/pp.v22i1.760

Fadhilah, Z. H., & Hudaidah, H. (2021). Paradigma Baru Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer Di Indonesia. Paramurobi Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam. https://doi.org/10.32699/paramurobi.v4i1.1787 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32699/paramurobi.v4i1.1787

Fandir, A. (2024). Transformation of Islamic Education: Implementation of Technological Innovation in Education Management. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v10i1.6625 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v10i1.6625

Farida, R., Alba, A., Kurniawan, R., & Zainuddin, Z. (2019). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Dengan Taksonomi Bloom Pada Mata Kuliah Sistem Politik Indonesia. Jurnal Kwangsan. https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v7n2.p104--122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v7n2.p104--122

Fikri, M. D., Gloria, R. Y., Nadiyah, A. N., & Ashaffa, S. H. (2025). The Urgency of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure Management In Responding to The Challenges of The Times. Leadership: Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32478/f33pr733

Framesthi, D. B., & Subrayanti, D. (2025). Transformasi Pendidikan Tinggi Dalam Mempersiapkan SDM Administrasi Perkantoran Yang Kompeten Untuk Indonesia Emas 2045. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis Dan Manajemen (Eko-Bisma). https://doi.org/10.58268/eb.v4i1.158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58268/eb.v4i1.158

Huda, M. (2024). Strengthening Religious Moderation Through the Core Values of Islamic Boarding School Education. Al-Hayat Journal of Islamic Education. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i1.458 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i1.458

Jhaerol, M. R., & Sudianto, S. (2023). Implementation of Chatbot for Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka Program Using Long Short-Term Memory. Jurnal Nasional Pendidikan Teknik Informatika (Janapati). https://doi.org/10.23887/janapati.v12i2.58794 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23887/janapati.v12i2.58794

Kamaruddin, M. I. H., & Auzair, S. M. (2020). Accountability in Malaysian Islamic Social Enterprises (ISEs): Stakeholder Versus Management Perspectives. International Journal of Banking and Finance. https://doi.org/10.32890/ijbf2020.15.2.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32890/ijbf.15.2.2020.7259

Kamilah, A. (2021). Penerapan Asas Proporsionalitas Dalam Pemanfaatan Aset Negara Melalui Model Build Operate and Transfer/Bot. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol50.no3.2757 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol50.no3.2757

Li, F., & Lv, F. (2024). Revenue-Sharing vs. Cost-Sharing Contracts in Motivating Supplier Corporate Social Responsibility. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjml-09-2023-0921 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2023-0921

Marzuki, M., Santoso, B., & Ghofur, M. A. (2021). Penguatan Peran Pesantren Untuk Membangun Pertahanan Umat Islam Indonesia Di Era Society 5.0. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Teknologi Dan Inovasi Indonesia (Senastindo). https://doi.org/10.54706/senastindo.v3.2021.154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54706/senastindo.v3.2021.154

Meranga, I. S. C. (2021). Anteseden Word of Mouth Pada Konteks Perguruan Tinggi Swasta: Studi Empiris Di Universitas Pelita Harapan. Jmbi Unsrat (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis Dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi). https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v8i3.35676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35794/jmbi.v8i3.35676

Miles, B., & Matthew, A. M. (2014). Huberman, and Johnny Saldana. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Narjono, A. I. (2025). Krisis Jaringan Industri Dan Hibah Luar Negeri: Studi Literatur Pendanaan PTS. Manajerial Jurnal Inovasi Manajemen Dan Supervisi Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i4.8674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51878/manajerial.v5i4.8674

Pongsapan, N. P., Veronika, V., & Girik Allo, M. D. (2024). Exploring the Impact of MBKM Program to the Learners Academic Quality. Jurnal Onoma Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra. https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.2609 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30605/onoma.v10i2.2609

Prasetyo, M. A. M., & Fadhillah, N. (2022). Construction of Organizational Culture for Ideal Performance of Islamic-Based Junior High Schools in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Management and Instruction (Jemin). https://doi.org/10.22515/jemin.v2i2.4399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22515/jemin.v2i2.4399

Prihadini, D., Sukoco, I., Hermanto, B., & Tresna, P. W. (2023). Entrepreneurial Marketing and Product Innovation in Improving Business Performance: A Case Study on Batik Trusmi Cirebon. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.802

Rifa’i, A. A. (2019). Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Tinggi Di Indonesia. Edugama Jurnal Kependidikan Dan Sosial Keagamaan. https://doi.org/10.32923/edugama.v5i1.963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32923/edugama.v5i1.963

Riyadi, S., Harimurti, R. R. S., & Ikhsan, J. (2022). Dampak Implementasi MBKM Terhadap Pengembangan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Menuju Research Excellence University. Edukatif Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i1.1991

Saputra, A., Sutarmadi, A., Bahri, S., & Uwes, S. (2022). How Implementing of Social Capital to Improving Islamic Education Quality: The Social Evolution Model. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (Ijsr). https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v4i3.206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v4i3.206

Sarif, S. M. (2019). Strategic Ta’awun and Fastabiqul Khairat Partnerships for Sustainable Competitive Advantage Among Small and Medium Enterprises in the Muslim World. Asian Academy of Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2019.24.s1.9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2019.24.s1.9

Setiorini, R., Aimah, S., & Fakhruddin, F. M. (2024). Transformation of Pesantren Organizational Culture: Strategies for Pesantren To Become Centers of Innovation in the Digital Era. Leadership: Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.32478/leadership.v6i1.2879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32478/leadership.v6i1.2879

Sofiyandi, M. A., Nurhakim, M., & Khozin, K. (2024). Future Development of Indonesian Education: A Review of the Urgency of Reconstructing Instruction Designs for Islamic Religious Education. Edumaspul - Jurnal Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v8i1.7593 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v8i1.7593

Sudjatnika, T., & Shafarini, R. (2022). Model of Islamic Civilization in Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam. https://doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v5i1.94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v5i1.94

Suroso, S., Suradi, A., & Aryati, A. (2022). Sociocultural Based Islamic Education at School in Rural Communities, South Sumatra. Al-Ishlah Jurnal Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.2097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i3.2097

Syihabudin, T., Muslihah, E., & Ayubi, S. Al. (2023). The Intervention of Religious Mental Guidance Based on Islamic Education Management in Social Rehabilitation. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v12-i2/17792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v12-i2/17792

Usanto, U. (2022). Dampak Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Terhadap Dosen Dan Mahasiswa Pada Perguruan Tinggi. Kompleksitas Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Organisasi Dan Bisnis. https://doi.org/10.56486/kompleksitas.vol11no2.263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56486/kompleksitas.vol11no2.263

Waskito, T. (2023). Institusionalisasi Pemikiran Pendidikan Mohammad Natsir Ke Dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Islam Di Indonesia. Ta Dibuna Jurnal Pendidikan Islam. https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i3.13829 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i3.13829

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (Vol. 6). Sage Thousand Oaks, CA.

Yohan, Y. (2019). Dinamika Perguruan Tinggi Nusantara Di Tengah Arus Ekspansi Pendidikan Tinggi Global. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v2i1.981 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v2i1.981

Yuspiani, Y., Naro, W., & Goncing, A. (2023). Higher Education and Gender Equality: Case Study of State University Students in Indonesia. Lentera Pendidikan Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan. https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2023v26n1i13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24252/lp.2023v26n1i13