Dari Teks Ke Adab: Pembelajaran Kitab Bidayatul Hidayah Dan Pembentukan Karakter Santri Madrasah Diniyah

Abstract

Cases of verbal and physical bullying among santri indicate that classical Islamic ethics texts do not automatically shape character. Studies on Bidayat al-Hidayah have mostly analysed its values textually or in boarding pesantren, while little is known about how the text is taught to shape character in non-boarding madrasah diniyah. This study aims to describe the forms of Bidayat al-Hidayah learning and the strategies of character formation at Madrasah Diniyah Sunan Kudus, Belung, Poncokusumo, Malang. It employed a qualitative descriptive approach with informants selected through snowball sampling, data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and validity ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings show that the kitab is taught as a core subject through bandongan followed by sorogan, contextual explanation in Indonesian and Javanese, halaqah, and evaluation that combines tests with behavioural observation. Character is instilled through eight strategies that form three layers: contextual internalisation, teacher modelling and personal mentoring, and structural reinforcement through curriculum, evaluation, and extracurricular activities. The study proposes this three-layer model as a way of translating the text into adab in santri's social life.